Vocabulary#3

Adenine: a purine, attached to thymine.

Bacteriophage: category of viruses to infect bacterial cells.

Cloning: identical copy of DNA or an organism.

Cytosine: pyrimidine.

Deoxytibonucleic Acid: molecule of inheritance.

DNA ligase: enzyme that seals new-base pairings.

DNA polymerase: enzyme of replication that assembles a new strand of DNA on a parent.

DNA repair: enzyme mediated- process that fixes alterations in a DNA strand by restoring the original sequence.

DNA  replication: process by which cell duplicates its DNA molecules before dividing.

Guanine: nitrogen base in one of four nucleotide of DNA and RNA.

Nucelotide: organic compound with deixyrobosue, nitrogen base and phosphate group.

Thymine: one of the nucleotides in DNA.

X-Ray diffraction image: x-rays that reveals position of atoms, not the molecular structure.

Anticodon: series of 3 neucleotide of bases in RNA.

Base sequence: sequential order of DNA or RNA.

Base-pair sustitution: amina-acid replacement during protein synthesis.



Mutation rate: probability that a spontanous mutation will occur.



Messenger RNA: single stand of ribonucleotides from DNA.

ionizing radiation: high-energy wavelenghts.

Intron: noncoding portion of pre-mRNA.

Insertion: insertion of one to a few bases into a DNA.

Genetic Code: correspondance between nucleotide sequence of DNA.

Gene Mutation: a small change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

Exon: base sequence of a mRNA transcript that will be translated.

Deletion: loss of a segment of a chromosome; loss of one to a few bases on a DNA.

Codon: 64 possibilities base triplets in a mRNA strand.

Carcinogen: any substance that can trigger cancer.